一、启动和关闭数据库
一)启动数据库
$ svrmgrl
SVRMGR> connect internal (实例启动)
SVRMGR> startup |
二)关闭数据库
$ svrmgrl
SVRMGR> connect internal
SVRMGR> shutdown [immediate/abort] |
immediate：正在访问数据库的会话被完全终止、资源有序释放后才关闭数据库。
abort：会话立即中止，数据库立即关闭。
二、备份与恢复
一)逻辑备份与恢复(即卸库与装库)
1、卸库：export
不带参数：
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
$ exp
Username： cwadmin
Password：
Connected to： Oracle8 Enterprise Edition Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production
Enter array fetch buffer size： 4096 >
Export file： expdat.dmp >pzexdat.dmp
(1) E(ntire database)， (2)U(sers)， or (3)T(ables)： (2)U >1
Export grants (yes/no)： yes >y
Export table data (yes/no)： yes >y
Compress extents (yes/no)： yes >y
|
export工作开始自动进行最终出现：
Export terminated successfully without warnings. |
带参数，可选参数如下(可用exp help=y 得到)：
Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default)
USERID username/password FULL export entire file (N)
BUFFER size of data buffer OWNER list of owner usernames
FILE output file (EXPDAT.DMP) TABLES list of table names
COMPRESS import into one extent (Y) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS export grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental export type
INDEXES export indexes (Y) RECORD track incr. export (Y)
ROWS export data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename
CONSTRAINTS export constraints (Y) CONSISTENT cross-table consistency
LOG log file of screen output STATISTICS analyze objects (ESTIMATE)
DIRECT direct path (N)
FEEDBACK display progress every x rows (0)
POINT_IN_TIME_RECOVER Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery (N)
RECOVERY_TABLESPACES List of tablespace names to recover
VOLSIZE number of bytes to write to each tape volume
|
例：$exp userid=cwadmin/cwadmin tables=‘(sys_cwxx，sys_menu)’ file=pzexport.dmp
2、装库
1)不带参数
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
$ imp
Username： cwadmin
Password：
Connected to： Oracle8 Enterprise Edition Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 8.0.4.0.0 - Production
Import file： expdat.dmp >pzexdat.dmp
Enter insert buffer size (minimum is 4096) 30720> 10240
Export file created by EXPORT：V08.00.04 via conventional path
List contents of import file only (yes/no)： no >
Ignore create error due to object existence (yes/no)： no >y
Import grants (yes/no)：yes >y
Import table data (yes/no)：yes >y
Import entire export file (yes/no)：no >y |
import 工作开始自动进行最终出现：
Import terminated successfully with warnings. |
带参数，可选参数如下(可用imp help=y 得到)：
Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default)
USERID username/password FULL import entire file (N)
BUFFER size of data buffer FROMUSER list of owner usernames
FILE input file (EXPDAT.DMP) TOUSER list of usernames
SHOW just list file contents (N) TABLES
list of table names
IGNORE ignore create errors (N) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS import grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental import type
INDEXES import indexes (Y) COMMIT commit array insert (N)
ROWS import data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename
LOG log file of screen output
DESTROY overwrite tablespace data file (N)
INDEXFILE write table/index info to specified file
CHARSET character set of export file (NLS_LANG)
POINT_IN_TIME_RECOVER Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery (N)
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES skip maintenance of unusable indexes (N)
ANALYZE execute ANALYZE statements in dump file (Y)
FEEDBACK display progress every x rows(0)
VOLSIZE number of bytes in file on each volume of a file on tape |
例：$imp userid=cwadmin/cwadmin tables=‘(sys_dwxx， sys_menu)’ file=pzexdat.dmp
